A defender by trade, Keogh began his playing career at Stoke City, where, despite signing professional terms in 2004, he failed to make a single first-team appearance.
Moving to Bristol City in 2005, he would make 53 appearances for the Robins whilst also enjoying loan spells with Wycombe Wanderers, Huddersfield Town, Carlisle United, and Cheltenham Town.
Joining Carlisle on a permanent deal in 2008, he secured almost ninety games for the Cumbrians before completing a switch to Coventry City, where he would make a further ninety-five appearances.
Richard is possibly best known for his time with Derby County, where, after joining from the Sky Blues in the summer of 2012, he would amass 355 appearances and win the Players' Player of the Season award on several occasions.
Leaving the Rams in 2020, he would go on to play for a host of other clubs, including Milton Keynes Dons, Huddersfield Town, Blackpool, Ipswich Town, Wycombe Wanderers, and Forest Green Rovers, making well over 100 appearances before retiring in 2024.
Opting for a career in coaching, Keogh returned to Blackpool as first-team coach under Neil Critchley and was appointed interim manager after Critchley was dismissed.
Guiding the team to Round Three of the Carabao Cup with a 2–1 victory over Blackburn Rovers, he was soon given a coaching role by incoming head coach Steve Bruce.
The 39-year-old swapped Blackpool for Barnsley in May last year but left the club earlier this summer, after Conor Hourihane was sacked.